Ayran (from Turkish: ayran, Azerbaijani: ayran, Persian: ???? "doogh") is a cold savory yogurt-based beverage that is mixed with salt. It is popular in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, North Caucasus, the Balkans, Afghanistan and the Middle East, particularly Lebanon and Syria. Yogurt drinks are popular beyond the Middle East region--ayran has been likened by some to the South Asian lassi.
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Preparation
Ayran is served chilled and often as an accompaniment to grilled meat or rice, especially during summer. It is made by mixing yoghurt with chilled or iced water and is sometimes carbonated and seasoned with mint. Ayran has been variously described as "diluted yogurt" and "a most refreshing drink made by mixing yogurt with iced water".
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History
According to Shirin Simmons, doogh has long been a popular drink and was consumed in ancient Persia. Described by an 1886 source as a cold drink of curdled milk and water seasoned with mint, its name derives from the Persian word for milking, dooshidan.
According to Nevin Hal?c?, ayran is a traditional Turkic drink and was consumed by nomadic Turks prior to 1000 CE. According to Celalettin Koçak and Yahya Kemal Av?ar (Professor of Food Engineering at Mustafa Kemal University), ayran was first developed thousands of years ago by the Göktürks, who would dilute bitter yogurt with water in an attempt to improve its flavor. The word ayran is ultimately of Turkic origin.
A c. 1000 CE Turkic dictionary, D?w?n ul-Lughat al-Turk, defines ayran as a "drink made out of milk."
Turkish national drink status
Recep Tayyip Erdo?an, a conservative Turkish politician who has held the posts of President and Prime Minister, has promoted ayran as a national drink. Speaking at a 2013 WHO Global Alcohol Policy Conference held in Istanbul, Erdo?an contrasted ayran with alcohol, which he claimed was a recent introduction to Turkey.
In 2015, Turkey's Customs and Trade Ministry, imposed a 220,000 TL fine (approximately $70,000) on state-owned Çaykur manufacturers for "degrading ayran" in one of their advertisement for iced tea, in which the protagonist raps that ayran makes him sleepy and halted advertisements of Çaykur's competing ice-tea product.
Variations
Salt (and sometimes pepper) is added. Dried mint or pennyroyal can be mixed in as well, as well as lime juice. One variation includes diced cucumbers to provide a crunchy texture to the beverage. Some varieties of doogh have carbonation.
See also
- Calpis, Japanese yogurt-based soft drink
- Chal, fermented camel's-milk
- Chaas, yogurt-based drink made with yogurt, salt and water, and occasional mint and coriander leaves
- Chalap, beverage consisting of fermented milk, salt, and carbonated water
- Filmjölk, a yogurt drink from Sweden
- Kefir, fermented milk drink made with yeast grains
- Kumis, Turkic fermented mare's milk drink
- Lassi, yogurt-based drink from the Indian Subcontinent
- Qatiq, Turkic fermented-milk beverage
- Skyr, Nordic fermented-milk beverage
References
Source of article : Wikipedia
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